Imperfect premise matching based fuzzy control with passive constraints for discrete time-delay multiplicative noised stochastic nonlinear systems

This paper investigates a fuzzy controller design method for discrete-time nonlinear stochastic time-delay systems which are presented by the Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy model with multiplicative noises. Utilizing the proposed design method, the fuzzy controller can be carried out via not only state feedback scheme but also output feedback scheme. Both of them are accomplished by the concept of imperfect premise matching (IPM). For discussing the stabilization problem, the Lyapunov-Krasovskii function and passivity theory are applied to derive the sufficient conditions. Moreover, the discrete Jensen inequality is employed to decrease the conservatism of the proposed method. Finally, a numerical example for the control of a nonlinear time-delay pendulum system is provided to show the effectiveness and usefulness of the proposed design method.     

抗缺氧中藏药微量元素的对应分析

应用对应分析研究抗缺氧中藏药中微量元素Co、Cr、Cu、Fe、Mg、Mn、Ni and Zn的分布特征。该方法可用于直接处理抗缺氧中藏药样品元素分析的数据,以研究地奥心血康、红景天胶囊、安神散、五味石榴散、章松八味沉香散、十六味杜鹃散、二十五味余甘子丸、二十五味竹黄胶囊、十五味龙胆丸、秘诀清凉散、七十味珍珠丸、八味沉香散、六味丁香散、七味葡萄散等中藏药的品质与它们的微量元素组成和样品来源的关系。将样品点和微量元素变量反映到同一因子轴的图形上,并且分类,能够揭露出样品来源与变量之间的内在联系,中藏药中人体必需的微量元素Fe、Mg、Co、Cu、Mn和Ni等含量比较高,与药物疗效密切相关,为研制新型的具有微量元素优势的药物提供科学的依据。     

基于自适应链码的棉种周长测量

在棉种实时检测系统中,为了识别破损棉种,必须提取棉种的边缘并计算其周长。传统的边缘提取方法有Sobel、Robert等微分算子,以及数学形态学方法和小波变换方法。但是在实时系统中,图像处理速度是影响实时性的关键因素。Freeman链码是图像处理中表示轮廓形状的方法之一,由提取的链码可以得到曲线（包括直线）的曲率、曲线的特征点等,而这些特征是图像压缩、图像重建、图像匹配的依据。由Freeman链码方法提取的图像边缘是单像素的,因此采用这种方法来计算棉种的周长。通过与Sobel、Robert等边缘提取方法进行比较,可以证明运用链码方法求周长,其搜索时间短,计算准确,尤其适用于以快速准确为目标的实时系统。     

On the robust control of nonlinear systems

In this paper we consider robust stabilization of the class of nonlinear plants of the form $$\dot x = f(x) + \sum\limits_{i = 1}^m {g_i } (x)u_i (t),$$ which are equivalent, under smooth state space coordinate transformations and nonlinear state feedback, to controllable systems. This approach is very sensitive for unknown parameters' values. Parameter adaptation may be used as a technique to robustify minimum-phase systems [3]. We give an example of a locally stable adaptive tracking system in which the last assumption is weakened. The minimum-phase plant considered in the paper is a current-controlled squirrel cage induction motor.     

State of the Art of Molecular Visualization in Immersive Virtual Environments

Visualization plays a crucial role in molecular and structural biology. It has been successfully applied to a variety of tasks, including structural analysis and interactive drug design. While some of the challenges in this area can be overcome with more advanced visualization and interaction techniques, others are challenging primarily due to the limitations of the hardware devices used to interact with the visualized content. Consequently, visualization researchers are increasingly trying to take advantage of new technologies to facilitate the work of domain scientists. Some typical problems associated with classic 2D interfaces, such as regular desktop computers, are a lack of natural spatial understanding and interaction, and a limited field of view. These problems could be solved by immersive virtual environments and corresponding hardware, such as virtual reality head-mounted displays. Thus, researchers are investigating the potential of immersive virtual environments in the field of molecular visualization. There is already a body of work ranging from educational approaches to protein visualization to applications for collaborative drug design. This review focuses on molecular visualization in immersive virtual environments as a whole, aiming to cover this area comprehensively. We divide the existing papers into different groups based on their application areas, and types of tasks performed. Furthermore, we also include a list of available software tools. We conclude the report with a discussion of potential future research on molecular visualization in immersive environments.     

FSE2R: An Improved Collision-Avoidance-based Energy Efficient Route Selection Protocol in USN

The 3D Underwater Sensor Network (USNs) has become the most optimistic medium for tracking and monitoring underwater environment. Energy and collision are two most critical factors in USNs for both sparse and dense regions. Due to harsh ocean environment, it is a challenge to design a reliable energy efficient with collision free protocol. Diversity in link qualities may cause collision and frequent communication lead to energy loss; that effects the network performance. To overcome these challenges a novel protocol Forwarder Selection Energy Efficient Routing (FSE2R) is proposed. Our proposal’s key idea is based on computation of node distance from the sink, Residual Energy (RE) of each node and Signal to Interference Noise Ratio (SINR). The node distance from sink and RE is computed for reliable forwarder node selection and SINR is used for analysis of collision. The novel proposal compares with existing protocols like H2AB, DEEP, and E2LR to achieve Quality of Service (QoS) in terms of throughput, packet delivery ratio and energy consumption. The comparative analysis shows that FSE2R gives on an average 30% less energy consumption, 24.62% better PDR and 48.31% less end-to-end delay compared to other protocols.     

Broadband Light Absorption and Efficient Charge Separation Using a Light Scattering Layer with Mixed Cavities for High‐Performance Perovskite Photovoltaic Cells with Stability

CH₃NH₃PbI₃ is one of the promising light sensitizers for perovskite photovoltaic cells, but a thick layer is required to enhance light absorption in the long‐wavelength regime ranging from PbI₂ absorption edge (500 nm) to its optical band‐gap edge (780 nm) in visible light. Meanwhile, the thick perovskite layer suppresses visible‐light absorption in the short wavelengths below 500 nm and charge extraction capability of electron–hole pairs produced upon light absorption. Herein, we find that a new light scattering layer with the mixed cavities of sizes in 100 and 200 nm between transparent fluorine‐doped tin oxide and mesoporous titanium dioxide electron transport layer enables full absorption of short‐wavelength photons (λ < 500 nm) to the perovskite along with enhanced absorption of long‐wavelength photons (500 nm < λ < 780 nm). Moreover, the light‐driven electric field is proven to allow efficient charge extraction upon light absorption, thereby leading to the increased photocurrent density as well as the fill factor prompted by the slow recombination rate. Additionally, the photocurrent density of the cell with a light scattering layer of mixed cavities is stabilized due to suppressed charge accumulation. Consequently, this work provides a new route to realize broadband light harvesting of visible light for high‐performance perovskite photovoltaic cells.     

Microfluidic Production of Biodegradable Microcapsules for Sustained Release of Hydrophilic Actives

Biodegradable microcapsules with a large aqueous lumen and ultrathin membrane are microfluidically designed for sustained release of hydrophilic bioactives using water‐in‐oil‐in‐water double‐emulsion drops as a template. As a shell phase, an organic solution of poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) is used, which is consolidated to form a biodegradable membrane. The encapsulants stored in the lumen are released over a long period of time as the membranes degrade. The period can be controlled in a range of —three to five months at neutral pH condition by adjusting membrane thickness, providing highly sustained release and potentially enabling the programed release of multiple drugs. At acidic or basic condition, the degradation is accelerated, leading to the release in the period of approximately two months. As the membrane is semipermeable, the microcapsules respond to the osmotic pressure difference across the membrane. The microcapsules are inflated in hypotonic condition and deflated in hypertonic condition. Both conditions cause cracks on the membrane, resulting in the fast release of encapsulants in a day. The microcapsules implanted in mice also show sustained release, despite the period is decreased to a month. It is believed that the microcapsules are promising for the in vivo sustained release of drugs for high and long‐term efficacy.     

NMR study of quaternary superconductor RM2B2C (R = Y,La, Th,and M = Ni,Pd, Pt)

¹⁹⁵Pt-,¹³⁹La- and¹¹B-NMR have been investigated in quaternary RM₂B₂C (R=Y, La, Th and M=Ni, Pd, Pt). The electric quadrupole frequency of¹³⁹La changes more than 5 times in magnitude from M=Ni to Pt, indicating that the hybridization of La-5d and d-electrons of M-element changes largely. The analysis of¹¹B and¹³⁹La spectra shows also the large change of the magnetic anisotropy with R and M element, i.e., _{II c}>_{II ab} in LaNi₂B₂C, but _{II c}>_{II ab} YNi₂B₂C.The data of T₁T and K of¹⁹⁵Pt and¹¹B are consistent with the band effects and with no evidence of strong antiferromagnetic correlation effects.